4/20/2023 0 Comments Dog lymph nodes![]() 7, 14– 17 Sentinel (the first lymph node to which tumor cells are most likely to spread from a primary tumor) or regional lymphadenectomy and histologic examination of the excised lymph nodes allow for identification of overt metastasis, small metastatic aggregates, and micrometastatic foci, especially when examination includes application of special and immunohistochemical stains and molecular techniques. Noninvasive techniques for identifying neoplastic cells in lymph nodes, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and CT, sonoelastography, and lymphoscintigraphy, have been investigated, but histologic examination of lymph node tissue remains the most accurate method, especially in cases of micrometastasis. ![]() 3– 8, 11– 13 As such, neoplastic cell infiltration of lymph nodes may not be determinable. 10, 11 Despite good sensitivity and specificity, cytologic examination may still yield inaccurate results mainly because of the small amount of aspirated material and the inability to evaluate tissue structure and organization. However, fine-needle aspiration of a palpable lymph node is easier, compared with aspiration of nonpalpable lymph nodes. Cytologic examination of cells aspirated from a lymph node is a readily available, inexpensive diagnostic procedure that has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting neoplastic cell infiltration. 1– 9 Many studies 1, 3– 9 have revealed that lymph node size as assessed by palpation or advanced diagnostic imaging correlates poorly with the presence or absence of tumor metastasis. 1– 9 Lymph node evaluation is an important initial step in the management of these patients, provides accurate prognostic information, and helps to guide treatment. ![]() Accurate tumor staging is essential for dogs and cats affected by neoplasia.
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